This data set includes CTD-O2 and LADCP data from the 46 stations occupied in Storfjorden and Storfjordrenna during the STEP cruise in July 2016 onboard R/V l'Atalante. Hydrographic data are provided in the form of Seabird ascii format (cnv), with two files per station (up and down). The data set also includes  underway S-ADCP data provided in netcdf format. Sensor metadata: CTD data were collected with a Seabird SBE 911+ probe. Dissolved oxygen data were collected with a Seabird SBE43 probe attached to the rosette. Additional data include fluorescence (Chelsea Aqua3) and transmission (WET labs C-Star).LADCP data were collected with a pair of  300 kHz Workhorse Sentinel from RD Instruments mounted on the rosette. Shipborne-ADCP data were collected with the  150 kHz Ocean Surveyor (RD Instruments)  mounted on the hull of R/V L'Atalante. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

The CARBO-ACID research cruise (EUROFLEETS+ SEA02_10) was carried out on the RV Ramón Margalef between August 2nd and August 11st, with departing from Vigo – Spain and ending in Lisbon – Portugal. The main objective of this cruise was to collect data and samples to study the potential effects of ocean acidification on carbonate marine organisms (coccolithophores, pteropods, planktonic and benthic foraminifera, and corals) along the Iberian margin. With this objective, oceanographic data and water samples, plankton, cold-water corals and sediment samples were collected during an upwelling season, along two transects coinciding with the two persistent upwelling filaments off the Iberia Margin: the Cape Finisterra and the Cape Roca. In this dataset is guiven all the acquired data recollected onboad.  During the CARBO-ACID cruise we did a total of 7 stations, 4 stations along the Cape Finisterra transect (from W to E: CA3, CA2, CA7, CA8) and 3 stations at the Cape Roca (from W to E: CA6, CA5, CA4) transect (Fig). At each station we usually started with a multibeam survey, a CTD and Rosette cast. These initial operations allowed to identify the different water masses present in this area, characterize their physical properties and to recover seawater samples at specific depth levels. The seawater samples were onboard subsampled, preserved in cold conditions or with chemicals and/ or filtered for several further analysis in the shore-based laboratories: DNA, chlorophyll, fitoplankton, coccolithophores, pH, alkalinity, stable isotopic composition, trace elements concentration and Suspend Particulate Matter. Subsequently to these operations, at each station, two vertical tows with a plankton multinet (with 5 nets) were done on the top 700 m of the water column to sample the planktonic communities of the different water depths. After this, sediment samples were recovered with a box-corer to study the past oceanographic conditions, between the pre-industrial Era and the Present, with multi-proxies used in paleoceanography and sedimentology. A total of 10 box-cores were recollected and each of them was onboard sub-sampled for eDNA, enzymes and benthic foraminifera. Fifteen shipek grab samples were recollected at the Fontanelas seamount (Estremadura Spur), station CA6, to characterize the sedimentary cover and to evaluate the presence of deep cold-water corals. Preliminary results show that the stations CA7, CA8 and CA4, located close to the coast, as expected, are the most influenced by the coastal upwelling, exhibiting colder surface water, higher values of fluorescence, and more zooplankton content reflecting higher phyto-zooplankton concentrations, as typical of the upwelling waters. At station CA4 temperature was higher and fluorescence showed lower values, indicative of less phytoplankton, and interpreted as indicating a different upwelling source water from that upwelled further north. Based on the CTD data, the Cape Roca transect is more influenced by the subtropical East North Atlantic Central Water (ENACWst), while the Cape Finisterra transect is more under the influence of the subpolar branch (ENACWsp). Seafloor sediment samples showed significant differences between the stations. Along the northern transect (Cape Finisterra) the seafloor sediments show an increase in grain size from the offshore to the coast. The offshore stations CA3 and CA2 revealed finer grained sediments, CA8 were composed of coarser sand and the station CA7, the shallowest station 77 m, presented the sediment composed mainly of shell fragments and coarse grain sand. Along the southern transect (Cape Roca), the offshore station CA6 (Fontanelas seamount) has coarser sandy sediments with rock clasts and cold-water coral fragments, and the stations CA5 and CA4 with fine sand to muddy sediments. The detailed CA6 bathymetry allowed to verify the existence of small plateaus on the slope of the Fontanelas seamount, where the fossil cold-water corals fragments were found, suggesting that this area is a very interesting system deserving further study with a ROV, and to characterize the corals fields and verify if there are live corals. These recollected data and samples will allow not only to reconstruct the pH variability under different environmental conditions, but also to estimate the biogeochemical changes along the coastal ocean waters as the anthropogenic influence increases. These results will contribute to better understand and model the effects on the biota under the future expected oceans pH changes. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

Data collected during the BENCHMARK cruise. The cruise was carried out between August 1-10, 2021 on Denmark Strait, in Icelandic and Greenlandic waters. The objectives of the cruise were to characterise the composition and distribution of epibenthic fauna in the Denmark Strait, with a particular focus on taxa considered indicators of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem, and to survey water mass properties and flow structure in the area.

An hydrographic section with closely spaced stations (12 nm distance) was performed across the Drake Passage during the DRAKE 2006, ANT-XIII/3 cruise on board RV Polarstern on her way south from Punta Arenas to Jubany station (King-George Island). The section acquired during 16 - 26 January 2006 follows ground track #104 of Jason altimetry satellite. Thus, the section runs parallel to the Shackleton Fracture Zone and crosses the Yaghan Basin and the Ona Basin. The data set comprises the 51 full-depth CTD stations of the south-bound section. The data were obtained with a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 9/11+ with a 24 Hz sampling frequency. At the end of the cruise, the CTD sensors were sent to Sea-Bird Company for calibration. Conductivity and temperature sensor drifts were negligible (respectively, less than 10–5 S m-1 per year and less than 310–4 K per year). Salinity derived from the CTD measurements was compared with the salinity of samples taken from the water bottles, measured by Guildline-Autosal-8400 salinometer that was adjusted to IAPSO Standard Seawater. The data quality for salinity is better than ±0.002 and for temperature better than ±0.001 K. The data processed with Sea-Bird processing software have a vertical resolution of 0.1 m. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEAscieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

The data set presented here is related to an article on revisiting Thorpe scale analysis in the Southern Ocean (submitted to GRL). The data enables the validation of a revised Thorpe scale analysis at 8 stations in the Southern Ocean: 1) 7 TurboMAP/CTD stations in Drake Passage in April 2009; 2) 1 TurboMAP/CTD station in the Kerguelen region in October 2011 Reference to be cited as: Young-Hyang Park, Isabelle Durand, Jae-Hak Lee, Christine Provost. Revisiting Thorpe scale analysis for accessing a relable diapycnal diffusivity in the Southern Ocean. Submitted to GRL Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEAscieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

This dataset contains the hydrographic data for all the stations conducted during the EUROFLEETS+ SINES cruise that took place aboard the R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa between 11-20th of September 2022.  The project "Climate change impact on ocean fronts ecosystems: The case of the Iberian Upwelling System (SINES)" was planned to be a proof of concept cruise of multidisciplinary research: integrating satellite data to past sediment records within classical methods in oceanography research and automated underwater vehicles to tackle the characterization of the Iberian Margin Upwelling System. The overall objective of this study is to identify the changes and risks for marine ecosystem services deriving from the potential impact of climate change on upwelling fronts. This research cruise was funded by the Eurofleets+ SEA Programme Call “REGIONAL” in 2019/2020 and was led by the Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve (CCMAR, Portugal). The proposed multidisciplinary expedition was carried out between 11-19th September 2022. Full depth water column CTD profiles were collected at all the stations (15 stations, 19 CTD casts, i.e, four stations with double cast -shallow and deep-). In 12 stations, a vertical multinet haul was also collected. The depth of the multinet samples (100 µm mesh) range between 700 m and surface. A deployment of a Light Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (LAUV Explore-4) was done on 17-18th of September. The AUV conducted more than 100 high-resolution immersion profiles between the surface and 10/50/100 m depth following the track of the research vessel between the coast and the position 37.35ºN 9.4ºW. Complete list of stations, events and positions of EUROFLEETS+ SINES also available in the dataset.   Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

Aimed at understanding the mesoscale eddy’s effect on the subduction and dissipation of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water, a field experiment namely the Pacific Mode Water Ventilation Experiment (P-MoVE) was carried out in the northwestern Pacific Ocean ((Xu et al., 2016)-[https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10505]). During 27 March to 5 April 2014, we conducted 54 station surveys in an anticyclonic eddy (AE) and a nearby weak cyclonic eddy (CE) with a spacing of 0.25° (Figure 1). The conductivity-temperature-depth system (CTD 911plus, Sea-Bird Electronics) and microstructure probe (MSS-90, Sea & Sun Technology) were deployed to obtain temperature-salinity profiles and microscale velocity shear at these stations. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

As part of the ongoing PHANTOM (Poleward Heat Transport across the ACC) program of LOCEAN/Sorbonne University, we have recently occupied two full-depth Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sections in the Udintsev Fracture Zone region during a current-meter mooring deploying cruise in February 2016 and a mooring recovery cruise in December 2017 on board the Korean icebreaker Araon, in collaboration with physical teams of Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) and Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST). Several hydrographic sections have been made in the upstream and downstream areas of the UFZ especially during the 1990s World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) period, such as WOCE P16 at 150°W and WOCE P17 at 135°W. However, no high-quality top-to-bottom hydrography has ever been performed in the UFZ itself at 144°W, despite its narrowest circumpolar choke point. Ref: Park et al. (2019), Observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the Udintsev Fracture Zone, the narrowest choke point in the Southern Ocean, JGR, in review. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

This dataset contains the OVIDE 2018 qualified measurements of  the hydrographic CTD-02 (genuine netCDF and zipped text files in WHP format) bottle data (WHP format with traditionnal headers) Ship Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (OS 38kHz and 150 kHz, CASCADE netCDF format) Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (WH150 downlooking and WH300 uplooking, zipped ascii format from LDEO software) Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

Physical data associated with the ABRACO cruise. The ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) cruise aims to begin an integrated approach to monitoring the tropical marine ecosystems in the Brazilian Nordeste region in order to better understand the connectivity between the sub-systems composing it. In particular, this cruise should fill this gap and improve understanding of the degree of connectivity which exists between the oceanic islands and the continental margin in the Nordeste of Brazil, as well as within the continental platform. In this context, the main objective of the ABRACOS cruise consisted in drawing up a 3D characterization of abiotic and biotic compartments and their interactions in the Brazilian Nordeste. Specific objectives: Objective 1 - Characterization of island and coastal dynamics. Measurement of hydrological characteristics and currents (rosette, CTD, ADCP) should enable the circulation and characteristics of water masses to be described. These data will be more specifically used to study the physical connections between 1) the oceanic islands and coastal ecosystems and 2) the coast along the ocean and coastal zones. The in-situ measurements obtained will also be used to validate high resolution regional hydrodynamic models (e.g. ROMS model) which will be implemented. In-situ data acquired during the ABRACOS cruise will be supplemented by satellite data for sea surface heights (e.g. AVISO), surface temperature and chlorophyll (e.g. MODIS) and wind (e.g. ASCAT). However, it should be noted that the resolution of the products usually used and land-ocean interferences on altimetry and backscatter data will not allow these products to be used at less than 30-50 km from the coast. We will be able to partially eliminate this problem by using new "alongtrack" processing of altimetric data performed by the Center for Topographic studies of the Ocean and Hydrosphere in Toulouse. These data will be used to document the geostrophic (from sea level) ageostrophic (from wind) components of surface circulation and their variability in coastal zones. Objective 2 - Ecosystem acoustics. Acoustic tools can provide the simultaneous acquisition of quantitative and qualitative data, at different spatial-temporal scales, in numerous biotic and abiotic compartments of an ecosystem. These data can be used to characterize the ecosystem in three dimensions and directly study interactions between compartments. Active acoustics have rarely been used in tropical coastal zones. The multifrequency (38, 70, 120, and 200 kHz) acoustic data acquired during the ABRACOS cruise will be used to create an initial 3D characterization of island and coastal ecosystems in the Brazilian Nordeste region, simultaneously characterizing the seabed and water column, when possible. The French team proposing this has sound experience in the field and developed the open source 'Echopen' software in Brest (www.france-nord.ird.fr/lesressources/outils-informatiques) which can separate the various sources of acoustic echoes (e.g. zooplankton, gelatinous organisms and fish) from multifrequency acoustic data. In order to calibrate the 'Echopen Brésil' version, acoustic observations from the ABRACOS cruise must be combined with sampling using micronekton, mesopelagic and bottom trawls (Leg 2 only) and sampling of zooplankton at fixed stations (bongo and WP2 plankton nets and phytoplankton nets). To validate the 'Echopen substrat' tool we will use sampling done with bottom trawl, substrate grab and video camera observations. Objective 3 - Biodiversity and trophic structure. As indicated, acoustic observations will be complemented by in-situ sampling of planktonic, pelagic (mid-water trawls) and demersal-benthic (bottom trawl) organisms. This will involve establishing how hydrological conditions determine the vertical distribution of organisms and therefore interactions. One part of the sampled organisms will be conserved in formaldehyde then identified by taxonomists at the Federal university of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) to be added to Brazilian collections. The remainder of the samples will be used to obtain biological information. Along with the classic biological measurements (size, weight, sex, maturity, etc.) specimens of entire organisms (plankton) and soft tissues (muscles) will be taken in order to titrate various trophic tracers: stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and insofar as possible mercury. In addition, particulate organic matter (POM) will be collected by filtration (samples taken by rosette) to titrate the amounts of stable isotopes. Spatial variations in these tracers will make it possible to highlight the relative positions of these organisms in the food web and variations in food sources through the local POM signatures. Measurements of methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxin which accumulates in the food chain, will also be performed on part of the samples used for stable isotopes. The related projects are ABRACOS and Action Incitative IRD "DANOB". Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.